Stories of the Prophets

Prophet Adam (عليه السلام) was the first human being created by Allah سبحانه وتعالى and the first prophet sent to mankind. Allah created him from clay and honored him with knowledge, wisdom, and the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. His life teaches mankind about obedience, repentance, patience, and dependence upon Allah.

Adam (عليه السلام) first lived in Paradise with his wife Hawwa (Eve). Their lifestyle in Jannah was peaceful, comfortable, and free from hardship. Allah allowed them to enjoy all the blessings of Paradise except approaching a particular tree. This was a test of obedience and submission to Allah's command.

However, Shayṭān, out of jealousy and arrogance, deceived Adam and Hawwa into eating from the forbidden tree. After committing the mistake, Adam did not become proud or deny his fault; instead, he immediately turned to Allah in repentance. He admitted his error and sought forgiveness sincerely. Allah accepted his repentance and forgave him, showing that Allah is Most Merciful to those who return to Him sincerely.

After this incident, Allah sent Adam and Hawwa down to the earth. On earth, Prophet Adam lived a simple and hardworking life. He worked to provide food and shelter for his family and taught his children the importance of worshipping Allah alone. He guided them toward righteousness and warned them against the tricks of Shayṭān.

Prophet Adam's lifestyle was based on: Worship and obedience to Allah, Seeking forgiveness after mistakes, Patience during hardship, Teaching and guiding his family, Living with humility and gratitude, Depending upon Allah in every situation.

Adam (عليه السلام) also valued knowledge greatly. Allah taught him "the names of all things," which showed his special status and the importance of learning in Islam. He became an example for mankind in repentance, humility, and devotion to Allah.

Throughout his life, Prophet Adam remained steadfast in worship and continued calling his children toward goodness and obedience to Allah until his death.

The children of Prophet Adam (عليه السلام) were the first generation of human beings on earth. Adam and Hawwa (Eve) gave birth to many sons and daughters, and through them mankind spread across the earth. Prophet Adam raised his children upon the worship of Allah and taught them righteousness, obedience, and good character.

Among the most famous of Adam's children were Qābīl (Cain) and Hābīl (Abel). Their story is one of the earliest and most important events in human history.

The Story of Qābīl and Hābīl: Allah commanded both brothers to offer a sacrifice. Hābīl was sincere and obedient, so Allah accepted his sacrifice, while Qābīl's sacrifice was rejected because of his insincerity and evil intention. Qābīl became jealous and angry toward his brother. Out of envy, he threatened to kill Hābīl. Hābīl advised him to fear Allah and reminded him that Allah accepts deeds only from the righteous. Despite this advice, Qābīl allowed jealousy and hatred to overcome him, and he murdered his brother Hābīl. This became the first murder in human history. After killing him, Qābīl did not know what to do with the body of his brother. Allah then sent a crow scratching the earth to show him how to bury the dead. Qābīl regretted his action, but the crime had already been committed.

The Lifestyle of Adam's Children: The children of Adam lived simple lives. They worked, married, farmed, raised animals, and learned directly from Prophet Adam. They were taught: Worship of Allah alone, Obedience and honesty, Respect for family, Hard work and patience, Avoidance of Shayṭān's deception. As generations increased, some people remained righteous while others began to follow evil desires and wrongdoing.

Prophet Nūḥ (عليه السلام) was one of the greatest prophets sent by Allah. He was sent to his people when they began to worship idols and abandoned the worship of Allah alone. He was the first messenger sent to guide people back to Tawḥīd (the Oneness of Allah).

The Beginning of Idol Worship: Before the time of Nūḥ, people were upon the worship of Allah alone. However, after some righteous people died, Shayṭān deceived the people into making statues in their memory. With time, these statues were worshipped as idols. Among the famous idols mentioned in the Qur'an were: Wadd, Suwā', Yaghūth, Ya'ūq, Nasr.

The Mission of Prophet Nūḥ: Allah sent Nūḥ to call his people back to the worship of Allah. He preached to them day and night for about 950 years. He advised them with patience, wisdom, and kindness, but most of them rejected him. Nūḥ said to his people: "O my people! Worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him." — Surah Al-A'rāf (7:59).

The Rejection of His People: The leaders and disbelievers mocked Prophet Nūḥ and refused to follow him. They were arrogant and continued worshipping idols. Only a small number of poor and humble people believed in him. Despite their rejection, Nūḥ remained patient and continued inviting them to Islam.

The Building of the Ark: When the people continued in disbelief, Allah commanded Nūḥ to build a large ark (ship). The disbelievers laughed at him while he built it on dry land. Then Allah sent heavy rain from the sky and caused water to gush from the earth. A great flood covered the land. Allah commanded Nūḥ to take the believers, his family who believed, and pairs of animals into the ark. The disbelievers drowned because of their disbelief, including one of Nūḥ's sons who refused to obey Allah.

After the people of Prophet Nūḥ were destroyed because of disbelief, generations passed and people again became arrogant and disobedient to Allah. Allah then sent Prophet Hūd (عليه السلام) to the people of 'Ād.

Who Were the People of 'Ād? The people of 'Ād were a very powerful tribe that lived in an area called Al-Aḥqāf, between Yemen and Oman. Allah blessed them with: great physical strength, wealth and large buildings, beautiful gardens and farms. However, instead of being grateful, they became proud and worshipped idols besides Allah.

The Mission of Prophet Hūd: Allah sent Prophet Hūd to call his people back to the worship of Allah alone. He advised them to leave idol worship and seek forgiveness from Allah. Prophet Hūd said: "O my people! Worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him." — Surah Al-A'rāf (7:65). He warned them that arrogance and disobedience would bring punishment from Allah.

The Arrogance of the People of 'Ād: The people mocked Prophet Hūd and refused to believe him. Because of their strength and wealth, they thought nobody could defeat them. Allah says about them: "Who is stronger than us in power?" — Surah Fuṣṣilat (41:15). They continued oppressing people and committing sins.

The Punishment of the People of 'Ād: When they refused to repent, Allah punished them with a powerful wind. The wind blew violently for seven nights and eight days continuously. It destroyed their homes and killed the disbelievers. The people were left lifeless like fallen tree trunks. Allah saved Prophet Hūd and the believers who followed him.

After the destruction of the people of 'Ād, another powerful nation called Thamūd appeared. Allah sent Prophet Ṣāliḥ (عليه السلام) to guide them back to the worship of Allah alone.

Who Were the People of Thamūd? The people of Thamūd lived in rocky mountains and were famous for carving beautiful homes from stones and mountains. Allah blessed them with: wealth and fertile lands, strong buildings and great skills, comfort and security. Despite these blessings, they became arrogant and worshipped idols instead of Allah.

The Mission of Prophet Ṣāliḥ: Prophet Ṣāliḥ was from among them, and he called them to worship Allah alone and abandon idol worship. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him." — Surah Al-A'rāf (7:73). He warned them to obey Allah and avoid corruption.

The Miracle of the She-Camel: The people demanded a miracle from Prophet Ṣāliḥ. By Allah's permission, a huge she-camel came out from a rock as a clear sign for them. Allah commanded them: not to harm the camel, and to allow it drink water freely. The she-camel was a test for them.

The Killing of the She-Camel: Instead of believing, the leaders of Thamūd became more rebellious. A group among them killed the she-camel out of pride and disbelief. After killing it, they mocked Prophet Ṣāliḥ and challenged the punishment of Allah.

The Punishment of Thamūd: Allah warned them that punishment would come after three days. Then a terrible earthquake and a mighty blast struck them. The people died in their homes, and their civilization was destroyed. Allah saved Prophet Ṣāliḥ and the believers.

Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام) is one of the greatest prophets in Islam. He is known as Khalīlullāh (the close friend of Allah). Allah blessed him with wisdom, patience, and strong faith. He was sent to guide people who worshipped idols, stars, the moon, and the sun.

The Early Life of Prophet Ibrāhīm: Ibrāhīm was born in a society filled with shirk (idol worship). Even his father, Āzar, used to make and sell idols. From a young age, Ibrāhīm rejected idol worship and searched for the truth. He reflected deeply on the creation of Allah and realized that only Allah deserves worship.

Calling His People to Tawḥīd: Prophet Ibrāhīm advised his people to stop worshipping idols. He explained that idols could neither benefit nor harm anyone. He said: "Why do you worship that which neither hears nor sees and cannot benefit you at all?" — Surah Maryam (19:42). But his people refused to listen.

The Breaking of the Idols: One day, when the people left for a festival, Ibrāhīm entered the temple and broke all the idols except the biggest one. He placed the axe on the large idol. When the people returned, they became angry and asked who destroyed their gods. Ibrāhīm told them to ask the biggest idol if it could speak. This exposed the weakness of idol worship.

The Fire Miracle: Because of his message, the people decided to burn Prophet Ibrāhīm alive. They lit a huge fire and threw him into it. But Allah protected him and commanded: "O fire, be coolness and safety upon Ibrāhīm." — Surah Al-Anbiyā' (21:69). The fire did not harm him.

His Migration and Family: Ibrāhīm later migrated for the sake of Allah. Allah blessed him with righteous children, including Prophet Ismā'īl and Prophet Isḥāq.

Building the Ka'bah: Allah commanded Ibrāhīm and his son Ismā'īl to build the Ka'bah in Makkah as a place of worship for Allah alone. While building it, they prayed: "Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." — Surah Al-Baqarah (2:127).

The Test of Sacrifice: Allah tested Ibrāhīm by commanding him in a dream to sacrifice his son Ismā'īl. Both father and son submitted completely to Allah's command. Before the sacrifice happened, Allah replaced Ismā'īl with a ram. This became the origin of the sacrifice during Eid al-Aḍḥā.

Prophet Lūṭ (عليه السلام) was the nephew of Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام). Allah sent him to the people of Sodom and the surrounding towns, who had become deeply involved in immorality, corruption, and sinful behavior.

The People of Prophet Lūṭ: The people among whom Prophet Lūṭ lived committed many evil acts. One of the greatest sins they practiced openly was homosexuality and shameful acts that no nation had done before them. They also robbed travelers, committed injustice, gathered publicly for sinful activities, and rejected the guidance of Allah.

The Mission of Prophet Lūṭ: Prophet Lūṭ called his people to worship Allah and abandon their immoral lifestyle. He warned them about Allah's punishment if they continued in sin. He said: "Do you commit such immorality as no one has preceded you with from among the worlds?" — Surah Al-A'rāf (7:80). But instead of repenting, the people mocked him and threatened to expel him from their town.

The Arrival of the Angels: Allah sent angels in the form of handsome men to Prophet Lūṭ. The sinful people rushed toward his house with evil intentions. Prophet Lūṭ became distressed and tried to protect his guests. The angels then informed him that they were messengers from Allah and that punishment would soon come upon the people. They instructed Lūṭ to leave the town during the night with the believers and not look back.

The Punishment of the People: Allah sent a terrible punishment upon the towns. The earth was turned upside down, and stones rained down from the sky upon the wrongdoers. Only Prophet Lūṭ and the believers were saved. His wife was destroyed with the disbelievers because she supported the evil people.

Prophet Ismā'īl (عليه السلام) was the son of Prophet Ibrāhīm (عليه السلام) and one of the noble prophets of Allah. He is known for his patience, obedience, truthfulness, and strong faith in Allah.

The Early Life of Prophet Ismā'īl: When Ismā'īl was still a baby, Allah commanded Prophet Ibrāhīm to leave him and his mother, Hājar, in the barren desert of Makkah where there was no water or people. Hājar trusted Allah and remained patient. When their water finished, she ran between the hills of Ṣafā and Marwah searching for water for her child. Allah then caused the well of Zamzam to gush out near Prophet Ismā'īl. This became one of the greatest blessings in Makkah.

His Obedience to Allah: As Ismā'īl grew older, he became righteous, patient, and obedient to Allah. Allah tested Prophet Ibrāhīm by commanding him in a dream to sacrifice his beloved son. When Ibrāhīm informed Ismā'īl about the dream, Ismā'īl replied with complete submission: "O my father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, among the patient." — Surah Aṣ-Ṣāffāt (37:102). Because of their obedience, Allah replaced Ismā'īl with a ram before the sacrifice occurred.

Building the Ka'bah: Allah later commanded Ibrāhīm and Ismā'īl to build the Ka'bah in Makkah as a place for the worship of Allah alone. While building it, they prayed: "Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." — Surah Al-Baqarah (2:127).

The Character of Prophet Ismā'īl: Prophet Ismā'īl was known for: Truthfulness, Patience, Fulfilling promises, Obedience to Allah, Kindness to his family. Allah praised him in the Qur'an for being truthful and devoted.

Prophet Yūsuf (عليه السلام) was the son of Prophet Ya'qūb (Jacob) عليه السلام. He was blessed with beauty, wisdom, patience, and the ability to interpret dreams. His story is one of the most detailed and beautiful stories in the Qur'an, teaching lessons about patience, forgiveness, and trust in Allah.

The Dream of Prophet Yūsuf: When Yūsuf was young, he saw a dream in which eleven stars, the sun, and the moon were prostrating to him. He told his father about the dream. Prophet Ya'qūb understood that Allah had chosen Yūsuf for a great future and advised him not to tell his brothers, fearing their jealousy.

The Jealousy of His Brothers: Yūsuf's brothers became jealous because their father loved him greatly. Out of envy, they planned to remove him. They took Yūsuf away and threw him into a deep well. Then they returned home pretending that a wolf had eaten him.

Yūsuf Sold Into Slavery: A group of travelers later found Yūsuf in the well and sold him in Egypt as a slave. Despite the hardship, Allah protected him. He grew up in the house of a powerful minister and became known for his honesty and good character.

The Trial and Prison: The wife of the minister tried to tempt Yūsuf into sin, but he refused out of fear of Allah. Because of false accusations, Yūsuf was imprisoned even though he was innocent. In prison, he remained patient and continued calling people to Allah.

The Interpretation of Dreams: Allah blessed Yūsuf with the knowledge of interpreting dreams. He interpreted the dream of the king of Egypt, predicting years of prosperity followed by famine. Because of his wisdom, the king released him from prison and made him a leader responsible for the country's resources.

Reunion With His Family: Years later, Yūsuf's brothers came to Egypt seeking food during the famine. Eventually, Yūsuf revealed himself to them and forgave them for what they had done. His parents and brothers later came to Egypt, and his childhood dream was fulfilled.

Prophet Mūsā (عليه السلام) is one of the greatest prophets mentioned in the Qur'an. His story appears more than any other prophet's story in the Qur'an. Allah sent him to Pharaoh (Fir'awn) and the Children of Israel (Banī Isrā'īl) to call them to worship Allah alone.

The Birth of Prophet Mūsā: At the time of Mūsā's birth, Pharaoh was a cruel ruler who killed newborn sons of Banī Isrā'īl because he feared losing his kingdom. Allah inspired the mother of Mūsā to place her baby in a basket and set him upon the river. By Allah's plan, the basket reached Pharaoh's palace, and Mūsā was raised there safely.

Mūsā Leaves Egypt: As Mūsā grew older, he accidentally killed a man while defending an oppressed person. Fearing punishment, he left Egypt and traveled to Madyan. In Madyan, he helped two women water their animals and later married one of them. He lived there for several years.

The Prophethood of Mūsā: While returning to Egypt, Mūsā saw a fire near Mount Ṭūr (Sinai). There Allah spoke to him and appointed him as a prophet. Allah gave him miracles, including: His staff turning into a snake, His hand shining brightly. Allah commanded him to go to Pharaoh and call him to Islam.

The Confrontation With Pharaoh: Mūsā and his brother Hārūn (Aaron) went to Pharaoh and invited him to worship Allah. Pharaoh arrogantly rejected the message and claimed to be a god. Allah showed many signs and miracles through Mūsā, but Pharaoh and his people continued in disbelief.

The Magicians and the Truth: Pharaoh gathered magicians to challenge Mūsā. When they saw the miracle of Mūsā's staff swallowing their tricks, they realized it was from Allah and accepted Islam immediately. Pharaoh became furious and punished them severely.

The Escape and the Splitting of the Sea: Allah commanded Mūsā to take Banī Isrā'īl out of Egypt at night. Pharaoh chased them with his army. When they reached the sea, Allah commanded Mūsā to strike the sea with his staff. The sea split into pathways, and the believers crossed safely. Pharaoh and his army drowned when the sea closed upon them.

Prophet Dāwūd (عليه السلام) and his son Prophet Sulaymān (عليه السلام) were among the noble prophets and kings of Banī Isrā'īl. Allah blessed them with wisdom, knowledge, justice, and powerful kingdoms.

The History of Prophet Dāwūd (عليه السلام): Before becoming a king, Dāwūd was known for his bravery and strong faith in Allah. During a battle, he defeated the tyrant Jālūt (Goliath) by Allah's permission. Allah says: "And Dāwūd killed Jālūt, and Allah gave him kingship and wisdom." — Surah Al-Baqarah (2:251). Allah made Dāwūd both a prophet and a king. He ruled with justice and fairness among the people. Allah also blessed him with: A beautiful voice for reciting praises of Allah, The ability to make armor from iron, Great wisdom in judgment. The mountains and birds would glorify Allah along with him. Allah revealed the Zabūr (Psalms) to Prophet Dāwūd as divine guidance for his people.

The History of Prophet Sulaymān (عليه السلام): After Dāwūd's death, Sulaymān inherited prophethood and kingship. Allah gave him a kingdom unlike any other. Allah blessed him with control over: The wind, The jinn, Birds and animals. He could understand the language of birds and animals. One day, while traveling with his army, Sulaymān heard an ant warning the other ants to enter their homes so they would not be crushed. Sulaymān smiled and thanked Allah for this blessing. Sulaymān invited the Queen of Sheba (Bilqīs) to worship Allah alone after hearing that her people worshipped the sun. Through wisdom and miracles, Allah guided her to Islam. Despite his great kingdom, Sulaymān remained humble, grateful, and obedient to Allah.

Prophet Ayyūb (عليه السلام) was one of the noble prophets of Allah known for his extraordinary patience, strong faith, and trust in Allah during severe trials and hardships.

The Blessed Life of Prophet Ayyūb: Before his trials, Allah blessed Prophet Ayyūb with: Wealth and large properties, Healthy children and family, Good health and strength. He was grateful to Allah and worshipped Him sincerely.

The Great Trials: Allah tested Prophet Ayyūb with many hardships: He lost his wealth, His children died, He became severely ill for many years. Despite all these difficulties, Prophet Ayyūb never complained against Allah or abandoned his worship. People distanced themselves from him because of his illness, but he remained patient and faithful. Only his loyal wife continued to support and care for him.

His Patience and Supplication: After many years of suffering, Prophet Ayyūb turned to Allah with humility and made a sincere du'ā: "Indeed, adversity has touched me, and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful." — Surah Al-Anbiyā' (21:83). He did not lose hope in Allah's mercy.

Allah's Mercy and Cure: Allah answered his prayer and commanded him to strike the ground with his foot. A spring of water came out, and Allah cured him completely. Allah restored: His health, His wealth, His family and blessings. His patience became an example for all believers.

Prophet Yūnus (عليه السلام) was a noble prophet sent by Allah to the people of Nineveh. He called them to worship Allah alone and abandon disbelief and sin.

The Mission of Prophet Yūnus: Prophet Yūnus preached to his people for a long time, but they refused to believe in him. He warned them about Allah's punishment if they continued in disbelief. When they still rejected the message, Yūnus became upset and left his people before Allah permitted him to do so.

The Journey by Sea: After leaving his people, Prophet Yūnus boarded a ship. During the journey, the sea became stormy, and the passengers feared the ship would sink. They decided to cast lots to choose someone to throw overboard, and the lot repeatedly fell upon Yūnus. He was then thrown into the sea.

Swallowed by the Whale: Allah caused a huge whale (or great fish) to swallow Prophet Yūnus. Inside the darkness of the whale's belly, beneath the sea and night, Yūnus realized his mistake and turned sincerely to Allah in repentance. He made the famous supplication: "Lā ilāha illā Anta, subḥānaka innī kuntu minaẓ-ẓālimīn." "There is no deity except You; glory be to You. Indeed, I was among the wrongdoers." — Surah Al-Anbiyā' (21:87).

Allah Saves Prophet Yūnus: Because of his sincere repentance and du'ā, Allah commanded the whale to release him onto the shore safely. Yūnus was weak and ill, so Allah caused a plant to grow over him to provide shade and comfort.

The Return to His People: When Prophet Yūnus returned, he found that his people had believed in Allah and repented sincerely. Allah removed the punishment from them, and they became successful believers.

Maryam (عليها السلام) was one of the most righteous women in history, and Prophet 'Īsā (عليه السلام) was one of the greatest prophets sent by Allah. Their story is among the miraculous stories mentioned in the Qur'an.

The History of Maryam (عليها السلام): Maryam was born into a righteous family devoted to the worship of Allah. Her mother dedicated her to the service of Allah even before her birth. Allah blessed Maryam with purity, righteousness, and strong faith. She grew up worshipping Allah sincerely under the care of Prophet Zakariyyā (عليه السلام). Whenever Zakariyyā visited her place of worship, he found provisions with her and asked: "O Maryam, from where is this coming to you?" She replied: "It is from Allah." — Surah Āl 'Imrān (3:37). Allah sent Angel Jibrīl to Maryam with the news that she would give birth to a righteous son named 'Īsā, even though no man had touched her. She was amazed, but Allah informed her that nothing is impossible for Him.

The History of Prophet 'Īsā (عليه السلام): Maryam later gave birth to Prophet 'Īsā under a palm tree. People accused her falsely because she brought a child without a husband. By Allah's miracle, baby 'Īsā spoke from the cradle and defended his mother's honor. He said: "Indeed, I am the servant of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet." — Surah Maryam (19:30). Allah sent 'Īsā to Banī Isrā'īl to call them back to Tawḥīd and obedience to Allah. Allah gave him many miracles, including: Healing the blind and lepers, Bringing the dead to life by Allah's permission, Creating the form of a bird from clay by Allah's permission. He preached mercy, righteousness, and worship of Allah alone. Some people rejected Prophet 'Īsā and plotted to kill him. However, Allah saved him and raised him to the heavens. Muslims believe that 'Īsā was neither killed nor crucified, but Allah protected him. He will return before the Day of Judgment as one of the major signs of the Last Day.

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final prophet and messenger sent by Allah to all mankind. He was sent as a mercy to the worlds to guide humanity toward Tawḥīd, righteousness, and good character.

His Birth and Lineage: Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born in Makkah in the Year of the Elephant. He belonged to the noble tribe of Quraysh and was from the lineage of Prophet Ibrāhīm through Prophet Ismā'īl عليهما السلام. His father, 'Abdullāh, died before his birth, and his mother, Āminah, died when he was young. He was later cared for by his grandfather 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and then his uncle Abū Ṭālib.

His Character Before Prophethood: Even before revelation, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was known for honesty, truthfulness, and trustworthiness. The people of Makkah called him: Al-Amīn (the trustworthy) and Aṣ-Ṣādiq (the truthful). He disliked idol worship and immoral practices.

The Beginning of Revelation: At the age of 40, while worshipping in Cave Ḥirā', Angel Jibrīl came to him with the first revelation: "Read in the name of your Lord who created." — Surah Al-'Alaq (96:1). This marked the beginning of his prophethood.

Calling People to Islam: Prophet Muhammad ﷺ invited people to worship Allah alone and abandon idols. Many Quraysh leaders rejected him and persecuted the Muslims. Despite hardships, the Prophet remained patient and continued spreading Islam with wisdom and mercy.

The Migration (Hijrah): Because of severe oppression in Makkah, Allah commanded the Prophet ﷺ and the Muslims to migrate to Madinah. The Hijrah became a major turning point in Islamic history and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

Establishing the Muslim Community: In Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ established: Brotherhood among Muslims, Justice and peace, Islamic governance, Masjid as the center of society. Islam spread rapidly through his teachings and good character.

Major Battles: The Muslims faced many battles, including: Badr, Uḥud, Al-Khandaq (the Trench). Allah granted victory to the believers despite difficulties.

The Conquest of Makkah: After years of struggle, the Prophet ﷺ returned to Makkah with the Muslims. He forgave many of his enemies and purified the Ka'bah from idols.

His Final Sermon: During his farewell pilgrimage, the Prophet ﷺ delivered a powerful sermon teaching: Equality of mankind, Rights and justice, Brotherhood, Fear of Allah.

His Death: Prophet Muhammad ﷺ passed away in Madinah at the age of 63 after completing the message of Islam. Allah says: "Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and approved for you Islam as religion." — Surah Al-Mā'idah (5:3).

After the death of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Allah chose righteous companions to lead the Muslim Ummah. They are known as the Khulafā' Ar-Rāshidūn — the Rightly Guided Caliphs. They continued spreading Islam, protecting the religion, and governing with justice.

The four rightly guided caliphs are:

1. Abū Bakr Aṣ-Ṣiddīq (رضي الله عنه): Abū Bakr was the closest friend of the Prophet ﷺ and the first adult man to accept Islam. After the death of the Prophet ﷺ, many Arabs abandoned Islam, but Abū Bakr stood firmly to protect the religion. He fought against apostasy, preserved the unity of Muslims, and ordered the compilation of the Qur'an into one manuscript.
Lessons: Strong faith during hardship, Loyalty and sincerity, Protecting Islam with wisdom and courage.

2. 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb (رضي الله عنه): 'Umar was known for justice, strength, and fear of Allah. During his rule, Islam spread to many lands, justice and fairness increased, and the Islamic calendar (Hijrah calendar) began. He cared deeply for the poor and weak.
Lessons: Justice is the foundation of leadership, Humility despite power, Accountability before Allah.

3. 'Uthmān ibn 'Affān (رضي الله عنه): 'Uthmān was famous for generosity and modesty. He expanded the Masjid of the Prophet ﷺ, standardized copies of the Qur'an to preserve correct recitation, and supported Islam with his wealth. He was later martyred while reading the Qur'an.
Lessons: Generosity in the path of Allah, Patience during trials, Serving Islam sincerely.

4. 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (رضي الله عنه): 'Alī was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet ﷺ. He was known for knowledge, bravery, and wisdom. He faced many internal conflicts during his caliphate but remained patient and devoted to justice.
Lessons: Wisdom during difficult times, Courage and knowledge, Patience in trials.

The story of Aṣḥāb al-Kahf (the People of the Cave) is one of the great stories mentioned in the Qur'an. It teaches Muslims about faith, patience, trust in Allah, and remaining steadfast during trials.

Who Were the People of the Cave? They were a group of righteous young men who lived in a society filled with disbelief and idol worship. Their king was unjust and forced people to worship idols instead of Allah. Despite the pressure around them, these young men believed in Allah alone and rejected shirk. Allah says: "Indeed, they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance." — Surah Al-Kahf (18:13).

Their Escape for the Sake of Faith: When the oppression of the king increased, the young men feared for their religion. They decided to leave their city and seek protection in a cave. They prayed to Allah: "Our Lord, grant us mercy from Yourself and guide us rightly in our affair." — Surah Al-Kahf (18:10).

The Miracle of Their Sleep: Allah caused them to sleep inside the cave for many years as a sign of His power and mercy. They slept for 309 years according to the Qur'an. During this period, the sun moved in a way that protected them, their bodies remained preserved, and their dog stayed at the entrance of the cave.

Their Awakening: After many years, Allah awakened them. Thinking they had slept for only a short time, they sent one of them to the city with money to buy food. When he entered the city, he discovered that everything had changed. The people now believed in Allah, and their story became a great sign for mankind.

Dhul-Qarnayn was a righteous and powerful ruler mentioned in the Qur'an. Allah blessed him with authority, knowledge, wisdom, and a vast kingdom. He traveled across different lands establishing justice and helping people.

Who Was Dhul-Qarnayn? The Qur'an does not clearly mention whether Dhul-Qarnayn was a prophet or a righteous king, but he was a servant favored by Allah. Allah says: "Indeed, We established him upon the earth, and We gave him from everything a way." — Surah Al-Kahf (18:84).

His Journeys Across the Earth: Allah enabled Dhul-Qarnayn to travel far across the earth. He traveled toward the west until he reached a people living near a body of water. Allah gave him the choice to punish wrongdoers or treat them kindly. Dhul-Qarnayn ruled with justice and fairness. He then traveled to the east and found people living simply with little protection from the sun. He treated them with wisdom and justice as well.

The Story of Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj: During another journey, Dhul-Qarnayn reached a region between two mountains where people complained about the corruption of Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj (Gog and Magog). They requested his help to build a barrier between them and those destructive tribes. Dhul-Qarnayn agreed to help them, not for wealth, but seeking Allah's reward. He ordered large blocks of iron and melted copper poured over it. A huge and strong barrier was built that Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj could neither climb nor break through. Dhul-Qarnayn then said: "This is a mercy from my Lord." — Surah Al-Kahf (18:98).

Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj are two corrupt and destructive nations mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. They are among the major signs of the Day of Judgment.

Who Are Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj? Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj are from the descendants of Prophet Adam (عليه السلام). They are known for spreading corruption, destruction, violence, and chaos wherever they go. During the time of Dhul-Qarnayn, people complained about their oppression and destruction. Allah says: "Indeed, Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj are corrupters in the land." — Surah Al-Kahf (18:94).

The Barrier Built by Dhul-Qarnayn: The people asked Dhul-Qarnayn to build a barrier to stop Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj from attacking them. By Allah's help, Dhul-Qarnayn built a massive wall made from iron and molten copper between two mountains. The barrier became too strong for Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj to climb or break.

Their Release Near the End of Time: The Qur'an and Hadith explain that near the Day of Judgment, Allah will allow Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj to break through the barrier. They will spread rapidly across the earth causing widespread destruction and fear. The Prophet ﷺ mentioned that they will be extremely numerous.

During the Time of Prophet 'Īsā (Jesus): After the return of Prophet 'Īsā (عليه السلام) near the end of time, Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj will emerge. Allah will command Prophet 'Īsā and the believers to seek safety because no human will be able to fight them. The believers will pray to Allah for help.

Their Destruction: Allah will destroy Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj miraculously by sending worms or disease upon them, causing them all to die. Afterward, Allah will cleanse the earth and restore peace.

The story of the Elephant Army is one of the great signs of Allah mentioned in the Qur'an. It happened shortly before the birth of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and showed Allah's protection over the Ka'bah.

Who Was Abraha? Abraha was a Christian ruler from Yemen under the kingdom of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). He built a huge church hoping people would stop visiting the Ka'bah in Makkah and come to his church instead. However, the Arabs continued honoring the Ka'bah because it was the sacred house built by Prophet Ibrāhīm and Prophet Ismā'īl عليهما السلام.

Abraha's Anger: When Abraha realized people still preferred the Ka'bah, he became angry and decided to destroy it. He prepared a massive army that included huge elephants, something the Arabs had never seen before. The largest elephant was called Maḥmūd.

The Journey to Makkah: Abraha marched toward Makkah with his army. Along the way, many tribes tried to stop him but failed. When he reached near Makkah, the people became frightened because they had no power to fight such a strong army.

The Position of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib: The leader of Quraysh at that time was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib, the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. He told the people to leave Makkah and seek safety in the mountains while trusting Allah to protect His House.

Allah Protects the Ka'bah: When Abraha prepared to attack, Allah sent birds in groups carrying small stones made of baked clay. The birds threw the stones upon the army, destroying them completely by Allah's command. The mighty army was defeated without any human battle. Allah says: "And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay." — Surah Al-Fīl (105:3–4).

The story of Aṣḥāb al-Ukhdūd (the People of the Ditch) is one of the powerful stories in the Qur'an that teaches Muslims patience, firmness in faith, and sacrifice for the sake of Allah.

Who Were the People of the Ditch? They were a group of believers who lived under the rule of a tyrant king. The king wanted people to worship him and follow disbelief instead of believing in Allah. However, many people accepted faith in Allah through the efforts of a righteous young boy and a believing monk.

The Story of the Young Boy: A young boy used to learn magic from the king's magician, but along the way he met a righteous monk who taught him about Allah and true faith. The boy believed in Allah and began witnessing miracles by Allah's permission. As time passed, many people accepted Islam because of him.

The Anger of the Tyrant King: When the king realized people were leaving disbelief and accepting faith in Allah, he became furious. He tortured the believers and tried to force them to abandon their religion. The young boy remained firm in faith and told the king that he could only kill him by mentioning Allah's name publicly. The king followed the instruction, and after the boy was killed, the people openly declared their belief in Allah.

The Ditches of Fire: The king then ordered large trenches (ditches) to be dug and filled with fire. The believers were thrown into the fire because they refused to abandon their faith. Among them was a woman carrying her baby. She hesitated for a moment, but Allah caused the baby to speak and encourage her to remain patient and steadfast.

Allah's Promise: Although the believers were killed, Allah honored them with Paradise and promised severe punishment for the oppressors.

The story of the People of the Garden is mentioned in the Qur'an as a lesson about wealth, gratitude, greed, and arrogance.

Who Were the People of the Garden? They were a group of brothers who inherited a large and beautiful garden from their righteous father. Their father used to give charity to the poor and needy from the produce of the garden. After the father died, the sons became greedy and selfish. They no longer wanted to help the poor.

Their Evil Plan: The brothers agreed to harvest the fruits early in the morning secretly so that poor people would not come asking for charity. They said to one another that no needy person should enter the garden that day. However, they forgot an important thing: They did not say "In shā' Allah", They relied upon themselves instead of Allah, They became arrogant because of wealth.

Allah's Punishment: During the night, Allah sent a punishment upon the garden. By morning, the once beautiful garden had become destroyed and dark like burned land. When the brothers arrived, they thought they had lost the way because the garden no longer looked the same. Then they realized Allah had punished them for their greed and disobedience.

Their Regret: The brothers blamed one another and admitted their wrongdoing. They repented to Allah and hoped He would replace their garden with something better.

Qarūn was a man from the people of Prophet Mūsā (عليه السلام). Allah blessed him with enormous wealth and treasures, but instead of being grateful, he became arrogant and proud. His story is mentioned in the Qur'an as a warning against pride, greed, and attachment to worldly riches.

The Wealth of Qarūn: Qarūn possessed huge treasures and wealth beyond imagination. Allah says that even the keys to his treasures were too heavy for strong men to carry. Despite Allah's blessings upon him, Qarūn became boastful and looked down upon others.

His Arrogance: The righteous people advised Qarūn: Do not become arrogant, Seek the Hereafter with your wealth, Do good to others, Do not spread corruption on earth. But Qarūn rejected their advice. He proudly claimed: "I was only given it because of knowledge I have." — Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ (28:78). He believed his success came only from himself rather than from Allah.

His Display of Wealth: Qarūn would appear before people with luxury and great beauty. Many people admired his wealth and wished to be like him. However, the righteous believers reminded them that Allah's reward is better for those who believe and do good deeds.

Allah's Punishment: Because of his pride and corruption, Allah punished Qarūn severely. Allah caused the earth to swallow: Qarūn, His house, His treasures. No one could save him from Allah's punishment. After seeing this, people realized that true success is not in wealth but in obedience to Allah.

Fir'awn was one of the greatest tyrants mentioned in the Qur'an. He ruled Egypt with arrogance, oppression, and disbelief. His story is repeated many times in the Qur'an as a lesson for mankind.

The Arrogance of Fir'awn: Fir'awn claimed lordship and superiority over the people. He oppressed Banī Isrā'īl (the Children of Israel), killing their sons and humiliating them. Allah sent Prophet Mūsā (عليه السلام) to call Fir'awn to worship Allah alone and stop his ظلم (oppression).

The Rejection of Truth: Despite witnessing many miracles from Prophet Mūsā, Fir'awn refused to believe. Among the miracles shown to him were: The staff turning into a serpent, The shining hand, Floods, Locusts, Blood and other signs. Yet Fir'awn remained stubborn and arrogant.

The Escape of Banī Isrā'īl: Allah commanded Prophet Mūsā to leave Egypt at night with the believers. Fir'awn gathered his army and chased after them. When the believers reached the sea, they became afraid because Fir'awn's army was behind them. But Prophet Mūsā said: "No! Indeed, my Lord is with me; He will guide me." — Surah Ash-Shu'arā' (26:62).

The Splitting of the Sea: Allah commanded Mūsā to strike the sea with his staff. The sea split into huge paths, and Banī Isrā'īl crossed safely. Fir'awn and his army followed them into the sea.

The Destruction of Fir'awn: When the believers had crossed, Allah caused the sea to close upon Fir'awn and his army, drowning them completely. As Fir'awn was drowning, he finally declared belief in Allah, but it was too late because he believed only after seeing punishment. Allah preserved Fir'awn's body as a sign for future generations.

One of the important topics in Islam is belief in the Last Day (Yawm al-Qiyāmah). Before the Day of Judgment arrives, many major signs will appear as warnings for mankind. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ informed the Ummah about these signs so believers can prepare themselves with faith and righteous deeds.

What Are the Major Signs? The major signs are extraordinary events that will happen near the end of the world. When these signs begin appearing one after another, it indicates that the Day of Judgment is very close.

1. The Appearance of Al-Mahdī: A righteous leader from the family of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ will appear and fill the earth with justice after it had been filled with oppression. He will unite the Muslims and lead them upon truth.

2. The Emergence of the Dajjāl (Antichrist): The Dajjāl will be one of the greatest trials ever faced by humanity. He will claim false powers, perform deceptive miracles, and mislead many people. The Prophet ﷺ warned Muslims strongly against his fitnah. Believers are encouraged to recite the opening verses of Surah Al-Kahf for protection.

3. The Return of Prophet 'Īsā (Jesus) عليه السلام: Prophet 'Īsā will descend from the heavens near the end of time. He will defeat the Dajjāl, establish justice, and rule according to Islam. This is one of the greatest signs of the Last Day.

4. The Emergence of Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj: After the return of 'Īsā, Ya'jūj and Ma'jūj will break through the barrier and spread corruption across the earth. Allah will later destroy them miraculously.

5. The Smoke (Ad-Dukhān): A great smoke will cover the earth as a sign from Allah. It will affect people differently according to their faith.

6. The Beast of the Earth (Ad-Dābbah): A strange creature will emerge and speak to people, distinguishing believers from disbelievers.

7. The Rising of the Sun From the West: One day, the sun will rise from the west instead of the east. After this sign appears, repentance will no longer be accepted, and faith after seeing the sign will not benefit a disbeliever.

8. Three Major Landslides: Three huge landslides will occur: One in the East, One in the West, One in Arabia.

9. A Fire That Will Gather People: A massive fire will emerge and drive people toward their final gathering place before the Day of Judgment.